Follow-up of infants born to mothers with Graves' disease.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of neonatal hyperthyroidism (HN) due to maternal Graves Disease (GD) ranges from 0.1 to 2.7%. It may occur in pregnant women with the following: active DG, after treatment with radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid or thyroidectomy or with a previous child with hyperthyroidism. The aim of our observational study was to evaluate the follow-up of infants born to mothers with GD at a Tertiary Hospital prior to the implementation of a follow-up protocol. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study using data from the medical records of mothers with a diagnosis of GD and their newborns from January 2013 until May 2018. Newborns were divided into two groups: high and low risk for NH according to maternal TRAb, third trimester treatment and signs of fetal hyperthyroidism. RESULTS: We identified 31 newborns, 58% female; 87% high risk. In none of the newborns was umbilical cord blood collected. In the high risk group, 22% had thyroid function evaluation at day-1, one patient presented with hyperthyroidism and 82% were asymptomatic. Considering the cases with an insufficient blood sample for analysis, 9 consultations would have been spared. We found a significant delay in obtaining the high-risk group results which would have spared 10 appointments. A positive correlation was found between age at outpatient clinic discharge and the number of appointments and the maternal TRAb titer. CONCLUSION: The correct surveillance of pregnancy and newborns with identification of those at high risk is essential to avoid unnecessary consultations and blood analyses that increase parental anxiety and hospital costs. Consequently, a multidisciplinary protocol was created to standardize the approach.

Sleep quality and bullying - prevalence in a cohort of Portuguese students.

OBJECTIVES: The involvement of adolescents in violent behaviors is becoming an important public health problem that is concerning physicians as it is associated with a decrease in adult life quality. In this context, bullying is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs repeatedly in interpersonal relationship where power imbalance exists increasing the risk of physical and psychosocial problems in all its intervenient. Prevalence of bullying in Portuguese adolescents is estimated to be ranging from 16.2 to 27.5%. Sleep disorders are a well-known problem related to bullying situations, either as a consequence or a risk factor; estimated prevalence in adolescence is 25% worldwide. In the present study we aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality and the involvement in school bullying in Portuguese adolescents in two high schools. METHODS: Data collected from a cross-sectional survey addressing questions on bullying behaviors and sleep quality was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. A two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all tests. RESULTS: We have included 171 adolescents, mean age of 14.39 ± 1.149 years, 59.6% were boys; prevalence of bullying behaviors was 28.1%. Among the students 15.2% were identified as "pure victims", 8.8% as "pure bullies", 4.1% as "bully-victims" and 71.9% as "neutrals". "Pure bullies" and "bully-victims" present higher Athens Insomina Scale (AIS) scores (p = 0.004) and higher prevalence of insomnia (p = 0.004). The prevalence of insomnia was significantly higher in the group involved in bullying behaviors comparing with the neutrals (58.3% vs 30%, p = 0.001). We verified that 65.4% of the reported bullying situations took place inside the school and 8.8% of those teachers did nothing to help the victim and in 17.5% school staff took the same attitude. CONCLUSIONS: We found a prevalence of bullying behaviors higher than the one reported in previous studies and a prevalence of insomnia of 38.0%, proving that bullying and sleep disturbances are two major problems in adolescence which may increase future risk for psychiatric symptoms, involvement in criminal activities, hyperactive, and inattentive behaviors. We verified a strong relation between insomnia and involvement in bullying situations with those who are involved reporting difficulties in sleep induction. The group of "bully-victims" was identified as potentially being the one with the most troubled adolescents since they combine characteristics of both bullies and victims. The authors conclude that there should be an investment in school-based interventions that help recognize and reduce school bullying and change lifestyle behaviors that may negatively influence adolescents' development.

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest.

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.

Risk behaviors in adolescence - a study in a Portuguese health unit.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a time of social and self-affirmation, search of autonomy and pleasure. An early sexual debut and substance use are still public health problems. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of illicit drug use and sexual behavior of adolescents, ages 15- 17, followed in a Portuguese Family Health Unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional descriptive study of a random convenience sample. Data were obtained from an anonymous and confidential questionnaire, given to patients at adolescent consultation, between the months of May and July 2016. Statistical significance p < 0.05. RESULTS: This study involved a sample of 134 adolescents, 54.5% girls. It was revealed that 73.1% of adolescents have tried alcohol, from which 18.7% experienced intoxication at least once. Regarding tobacco, 35.1% have tried it, 23.4% are regular users. Regarding cannabinoids, 7.5% of adolescents stated to have tried them once, or to consume them regularly. Adolescents start to experiment with tobacco earlier than with alcohol (9 years old vs. 11 years old), with a mean age of 15 years old. Regarding sexual behavior, 23.8% are sexually active, from which 9.4% do not use any form of contraception. Smoking behavior was a predictor of the consumption of illicit drugs, and it was found a significantly statistic association between sexual activity and substance use, p = 0.04. DISCUSSION: By descending order, the alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs consumption are still worrisome and can affect the life of adolescents. Primarily health care and pediatric consultation should provide strategies for prevention and promotion of a healthy lifestyle for adolescents.

Teenage pregnancy - a study in São Tomé and Príncipe.

Introduction The increasing number of pregnant teenagers in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) represents a serious public health issue. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of pregnant adolescents followed in a health facility dedicated to maternal health in STP. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pregnant teenagers that attended the Mother and Child Protection Center during the first quarter of 2017. The survey contained questions on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual and risk behaviors, family, partners and health support. Results The mean age of the 51 pregnant teenagers included was 16.37 ± 0.8 years. Eight girls reported that they had planned to fall pregnant. Teenagers whose pregnancy was unplanned usually present with a previous family history of adolescent pregnancy. About 59% of girls engaged in sexual activity before 16 years of age with a mean number of sexual partners of 1.84 ± 0.88. In this study, 51% of the girls do not use any contraceptive method, usually because their partner refuses to do so. The preferred contraceptive method are condoms. Information on contraception is given mainly at school. Pregnant girls' first medical consultation was at a mean gestational age of 6 weeks. Abortion was considered by 51% of girls after pregnancy was confirmed. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy imposes health problems for the mother and child and contributes to educational and socioeconomic disadvantages. The collaboration of healthcare providers, teachers and parents is needed to enhance sexual health education. This is the first study in STP on teenage pregnancy; although the sample is small, the authors believe that the results are representative of the general population.

Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency in a pediatric population with inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVES: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in children with inflammatory bowel disease, although the real prevalence is unknown. Intravenous iron is suggested as the first line treatment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children with inflammatory bowel disease followed in a Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit of a tertiary center and to evaluate this unit's experience with intravenous iron. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed involving children with inflammatory bowel disease followed in that unit between January 2001 and April 2016. Laboratory results were collected at the moment of diagnosis, after one-year follow-up and prior each IV iron administration performed during the study period. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria and the iron deficiency was defined using recent guidelines. RESULTS: Were studied 69 patients 71% had CD and 29% UC. 50.7% were female. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 13.3 years (range 1--17 years). Prevalence of ID and IDA at diagnosis was 76.8% and 43.5%, respectively. After one year follow-up, those values decreased to 68.1% (p = .182) and 21.7% (p = .002), respectively. Hemoglobin significantly increased (p < .001). Intravenous iron was administered to 92.8% of patients. No adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous iron is the first line in the treatment of Iron deficiency anemia in Inflammatory Bowel disease and it is safe and effective. Persistent anemia and iron deficiency are common.

Instabilidade de microssatélites em portadores de câncer colo-retal / Microsatelite instability in colorectal cancer

Embora considerado uma das mais importantes síndromes de predisposição ao câncer, o câncer colo-retal hereditário não-polipose (HNPCC) permanece um desafio na prática clínica diária. Os critérios de Amsterdam (CA), embora altamente específicos, têm valor muito limitado, inclusive para nossa população, pois são extremamente restritivos. Assim, foram propostos os critérios de Bethesda, menos restritivos, com o intuito de levantar a suspeita de HNPCC e a utilização de testes laboratoriais, como a instabilidade de microssatélites, para auxiliar a definir um maior número de famílias de risco para HNPCC. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto dos CB no rastreamento de famílias de risco para HNPCC através do teste de instabilidade de microssatélites (MSI).Materiais e métodos: 47 pacientes portadores de câncer colo-retal que preenchiam pelo menos um dos CB e cuja história familiar pôde ser coletada, foram submetidos ao teste de MSI. Resultados: MSI-H foi identificada em 16 (34por cento) dos pacientes e se correlacionou com: idade precoce de aparecimetno do tumor (47,6 vs 58,9 anos no grupo não MSI-H; p=0,012), com os critérios de Amsterdam (p=0,001), com a história de câncer colo-retal ou endometrial em um parente com idade inferior a 45 anos (p=0,004) e com a presença de 2 ou mais CB em um mesmo indivíduo (p<0,001). Conclusões: Estas variáveis são capazes de identificar famílias de alto risco para HNPCC, as quais devem ser submetidas à aconselhamento genético e análise mutacional dos genes de reparo do DNA.

Colonoscopia diagnóstica e terapêutica: análise de 1000 exames / Diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy: 1000 cases analysed

Os autores relatam os resultados de 1000 colonoscopias realizadas no Serviço de Coloproctologia do Hospital das Forças Armadas, Brasilia-DF. A indicaçäo mais frequente foi a alteraçäo do hábito intestinal. As colonoscopias foram normais em 43,2 porcento dos casos. Os pólipos colorretais e a doença diverticular foram as patologias de maior prevalência. A taxa de complicaçäo foi de 0,4 porcento, consistindo de três casos de perfuraçäo de cólon e um caso de bacteremia após o exame. Quando exames de enema opaco de 176 pacientes foram comparados com os achados da colonoscopia, observaram-se 93 casos positivos verdadeiros, 32 negativos verdadeiros, 43 falsos-positivos, oito casos de falsos-negativos, resultando em sensibilidade de 92,07 porcento, especificidade de 42,66 porcento, valor preditivo positivo de 68,33 porcento, valor preditivo negativo de 80 porcento e acuidade diagnóstica de 71,02 porcento. Os achados corroboram a eficiência e segurança da colonoscopia, em relaçäo ao enema opaco, como procedimento fundamental no diagnóstico das patologias do intestino grosso

Tumores pré-sacros no adulto: descriçäo de seis casos / Pré-sacral tumours in adults: report of six cases

Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo de 13 anos com seis casos de tumores pré-sacros, sendo cinco do sexo feminino e um do masculino. A idade média foi de 40,8 anos, com extremos de 32 a 72 anos. A queixa frequente (cinco casos) foi de tumor perineal ou sacral. Quatro eram lesöes císticas e duas sólidas. Duas das lesöes císticas tinham fístula, com perda de secreçäo purulenta, sendo uma para a regiäo sacra e outra para o reto inferior. O toque retal fez o diagnóstico em cinco pacientes e a fistulografia mostrou a cavidade cística näo tocada. A ultra-sonografia e a tomografia computadorizada, quando utilizadas, forneceram dados do caráter sólido ou cístico, do tamanho e das relaçöes topográficas do tumor. Em dois casos realizou-se a biópsia pré-operatória. Cinco tumores foram ressecados por via posterior e um por via combinada através de uma amputaçäo abdômino perineal. Os diagnósticos histológicos foram: cisto mucossecretor (cisto enterógeno), cisto epidermóide, cisto inflamatório crônico, lipossarcoma mixóie, leiomiossarcoma. A lesäo cística fistulizada para o reto näo teve diagnóstico histológico por lise da peça. Esta paciente, contudo, tem acompanhamento de sete anos e oito meses sem recidiva...

Sensibilidade aos efeitos genotóxicos da bleomicina: colite ulcerativa versus câncer colorretal / Sensibility genotoxic effects of bleomycin: ulcerative colitis versus colorectal cancer

Neste estudo foram selecionados 35 pacientes, sendo 13 sadios (grupo I); 10 pacientes com colite ulcerativa (grupo II); e 12 pacientes com câncer colorretal (grupo III). Para determinar a resposta aos efeitos mutagênicos da bleomicina em cultura de linfócitos de sangue periférico, foram realizados dois tipos de cultura para cada paciente: a primeira, sem tratamento com bleomicina (cultura espontânea) e, a segunda, tratada com bleomicina (cultura induzida). Na avaliaçäo microscópica dos linfócitos em metástase, foram determinados o índice mitótico e as alteraçöes cromossômicas estruturais. Os três grupos de pacientes diferiram entre si quanto às determinaçöes do índice mitótico nas culturas espontâneas (p < 0,01) e significativamente maiores que os dos grupos I e III. Quanto à freqüência de quebras cromatídicas espontâneas por célula, näo houve diferença significativa entre os três grupos de pacientes (p = 0,39). Quanto à freqüência de quebras cromatídicas induzidas por célula, observou-se que havia diferença significativa entre os três grupos de pacientes (p < 0,001). O grupo III apresentou valores significativamente superiores aos verificados no grupo II, e este significativamente maiores que os do grupo I. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que a bleomicina induziu ao aumento significativo de aberraçöes cromossômicas nos linfócitos dos grupos de pacientes com colite ulcerativa e com câncer colorretal. A sensibilidade aos efeitos genotóxicos da bleomicina em pacientes com colite ulcerativa pode expressar maior predisposiçäo ao câncer colorretal

Entomoftoromicose intestinal: relato de caso / Intestinal entomophthoromycosis: a case report

A case of intestinal entomophthoramycosis caused by Entomophthorales in a man with 19 years-old, farmer and without associated disease. The patient was submitted to a intestinal resection and diagnosis was carried through after analysis of the surgical specimen. After a review of the literature, the clinical evolution, clinico-pathologic features, difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Tumores do cólon, reto e ânus / Colon, rectum and anus tumors

No período de outubro de 1973 a março de 1989, 120 pacientes portadores de câncer de ânus, reto e cólon, diagnosticados no HDA-INAMPS-DF, apresentavam-se em 14% na 3ª década de vida e 46.7% dos tumores do reto localizavam-se em seu terço inferior, explicando o grande número de cirúrgias amputadoras, assim como uma alta incidência em paciente jovens. O diagnóstico foi realizado em 57.3% pela simples inspeçäo, toque e retos sigmoidoscopia, subindo para 92.8% apenas em relaçäo aos tumores do reto e ânus. Oitenta e cinco foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico considerando radical e 35 a paliativo. A mortalidade operatória imediata foi de 9%. Os óbitos tardios do restante ocorreram em 20% e o abandono logo após a alta ou recidiva em 34%. Vivos sob controle sem recidiva, com recidiva tratada cirurgicamente ou näo tratada existem 45.8% 1 sendo que apenas 16.5 com mais de 05 anos de controle. Se levarmos em conta apenas o grupo dos 85 submetidos à cirurgia radical a sobrevida de 05 anos é de 21%. As recidivas pélvicas, perineais ou de anastomose ocorreram em 11.5% e, se acrescidas das hepáticas, pulmonares e carcinomatose, sobem para 27%

Fístula reto-vésico-vaginal: tratamento cirurgico e uso de cistostomia continente transtubariana / Rectum-vesico-vaginal disturbe: use of the continent urinary division with fallopian tube

Os autores apresentam um caso de lesäo traumática obstétrica, levando à formaçäo de fístula reto-vésico-vaginal com incontinência urinária total por destruiçäo da uretra e esfíncteres. Utilizam a trompa uterina na confecçäo de uma cistostomia continente baseada no princípio da válvula oscilante de Mitrofanoff, com ótimo resultado

Cistoadenoma mucinoso de apendice: relato de um caso / Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix

Os autores apresentam um caso de cistoadenoma mucinoso de apendice em uma paciente de 38 anos e fazem revisao da literatura, ressaltando a frequencia desta patologia, idade de apresentaçao, incidencia segundo o sexo e possibilidade terapeuticas

Rabdomiossarcoma embrionario perianal em adulto / Perianal embrionary rhabdomyosarcoma in adult

A finalidade deste trabalho e apresentar um caso incomum de rabdomiossarcoma embrionario localizado no perineo (Estagio I de Rivard) em um homem de 44 anos, o qual foi tratado com sucesso, apenas com ressecçao cirurgica, apesar de a maioria dos autores preconizar radioterapia e quimioterapia associadas. O paciente permaneceu sem recorrencia durante o periodo de acompanhamento de dois anos. Sao realçados os aspectos anatomopatologicos da doença e sua atual classificaçao

Tratamento cirurgico da hidradenite supurativa perianal / Surgical treatment of perineal hidradenitis suppurativa

Os autores analisaram, retrospectivamente,11 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirurgico para hidradenite supurativa perianal cronica, atendidos no Hospital Docente-Assistencial de Brasilia (INAMPS-UnB), no periodo compreendido entre janeiro de 1982 e junho de 1988. A idade media foi de 33 anos, sendo 10 pacientes do sexo masculino e apenas um do sexo feminino. Todos os 11 pacientes apresentaram doença perianal em extensao variavel, sendo que oito pacientes apresentaram doença em outras regioes. O tratamento cirurgico foi a ressecçao total da area acometida. O fechamento primario da ferida cirurgica foi realizado em seis pacientes, cicatrizaçao por segunda intençao em tres pacientes, rotaçao de retalho cutaneo em dois pacientes. O periodo medio de internaçao foi de 10,3 dias. Quatro pacientes apresentaram infecçao da ferida cirurgica. Em um paciente com fechamento primario houve deiscencia da ferida cirurgica. Dois apresentaram doença resudual.